Designed to optimize mechanization and cut operating costs, the free cordon training system on low espalier represents one of the most rational solutions for modern viticulture. The simple structure-a single wire supporting the cordon-and short pruning allow fully mechanized management, from pruning to harvest. Ideal for abundant production without sacrificing quality, it is one of the most widely adopted methods in high-efficiency vineyards today.

Among the espalier training systems, spurred cordon is distinguished by its short pruning, which differentiates it from Sylvoz and increases its mechanizability. It is the tall espalier method most compatible with mechanical management with lower operating costs than Guyot and Sylvoz. Suitable for high yields without compromising quality, it is a strategic choice for modern efficiency-oriented vineyards. Not applicable to varieties with low basal fertility.

Among the most popular training systems globally, Guyot stands out for its extraordinary adaptability. Set on high espalier and long willow-head pruning, this method ensures flexible production management and high winemaking quality. Although still labor-intensive, the introduction of discreetly mechanizable techniques is expanding its applicability in larger production settings. A balance between agronomic precision and operational innovation.

The “capovolto” pruning system represents one of the most deeply rooted forms of training in Italian viticulture with particular diffusion in the hilly areas of Central and Northern Italy. Characterized by the downward bending of the fruiting head, this method allows a balanced management of vegetation and an optimal distribution of production along the row.From an agronomic point of view, the capovolto is distinguished by its ability to contain the vigor of the plant by promoting the emission of uniform shoots and reducing apical dominance. The curvature of the shoot attached to the low-height wire stimulates vertical growth of fruiting buds, improving light exposure and cluster ventilation.

The double inverted pruning system, also known as Cappuccina, differs from simple inverted pruning in the use of two fruiting heads bent into a bow arranged symmetrically on either side of the stump. This configuration allows for a more balanced distribution of vegetation along the row, reducing the concentration of shoots in one direction and improving aeration between plants.
Unlike the simple invert, which concentrates production on one side only, the double invert promotes greater uniformity of production load, making it particularly suitable for intensive vineyards and hilly areas.

Among the best performing training forms for high production, the high espalier system with cordon and long pruning stands out for its robustness and adaptability. Compared to Guyot it requires an extra year to enter production, but offers good quality and very high productivity, ideal for intensive vineyards. Planting costs are slightly higher and labor per hectare remains significant, but discrete mechanization favors its adoption in modern settings. A technical choice for those who focus on efficiency and yield.

The Casarsa pruning system derives from a simplified adaptation of the Sylvoz method, developed in Friuli Venezia Giulia in the early 1940s, with the aim of simplifying cultivation operations and encouraging mechanization.
Provides for a high permanent cordon (160-180 cm) from which medium-to-long fruiting heads are developed and allowed to fall freely. Pruning is mixed and simplified, with shoots of 6-10 buds not tied to the cordon. This set-up favors mechanization, reduces operating costs and improves bunch exposure. It is suitable for intensive vineyards and vines with good intermediate bud fertility.

Among the oldest and most iconic training systems, the sapling vine stands the test of time as a symbol of heroic viticulture. Widespread in islands, Mediterranean and alpine areas, as well as in Australia and South Africa, it is distinguished by very high planting density, contained vegetation and short pruning. The yield per plant is very low but the qualitative excellence of the grapes is unquestionable. All processing is manual with high management costs and no possibility of mechanization. A choice of value rather than volume.